Earth’s modern atmosphere is highly oxygenated and is a remotely detectable signal of its surface biosphere. However, the lifespan of oxygen-based biosignatures in Earth’s atmosphere remains uncertain, particularly for the distant future. Here we use a
This electric field ionizes the hydrogen and methane present in the chamber, transforming them into plasma. Consequently, the CH bonds are broken, facilitating the formation of CC bonds. Moreover, the hydrogen ions rapidly etch the graphite phase, resulting in the deposition of a high-quality ...
10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said step (1.6) of the ion-plasmous deposition comprises: (a) depositing a scandium layer in the argon atmosphere, (b) depositing a titanium layer in the argon atmosphere, (c) depositing and implanting a layer of nitrogen solid...