Mechanical forces generated by the cellular machinery propagate through transmembrane receptors to neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix. The integration of these forces on tissue level drives morphoge
The zebrafish is a vertebrate model system particularly amenable to live imaging and developmental study. Embryos of this fish are readily accessible from large clutches, optically transparent, small in size (~1 mm), and have a short developmental time (~72 h). Other small multi-cellular organis...
Cells were grown on maltose-yeast extract-malt extract (MYM) agar for 4 days at 30°C before imaging. (c) Representation of the Streptomyces life cycle showing the three main developmental stages: vegetative growth, aerial growth, and sporulation. c-di-GMP levels (gray bars) vary across the...
We visualized the actin cytoskeleton of young and old yeast cells by staining with fluorochrome-coupled phalloidin and imaging by super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM). We confirmed that young cells contain the 2 actin-containing structures that are present throughout the cell cycle...
In preferred embodiments growth factors include but are not limited to Adrenomedullin (AM), Angiopoietin (Ang), Autocrine motility factor, Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Epidermal growth factor (EGF), Erythropoietin (EPO), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)...
We found that the sulcal emergence started from the central to the temporo-parieto-occipital lobes and frontal lobe, and the temporal variability of emergence in most of the sulci was similar between 1 and 2 weeks. Small variability (< 1 week) was found in the left central and ...
Accordingly, our extensive SEM imaging of a long-term V. fischeri culture provides the critical baseline statistics for use of the morphological distribution as a robust indicator of the long-term multigenerational environmental stress in environmental (eco)toxicology assays based on V. fischeri. 5....
In mice and chick models, leaflet forming cells, responsive to bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), induce the expression of the cartilage markers sox9 and aggrecan, whereas chordae forming cells, responsive to fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4), induce the expression of tendon markers scleraxis ...
The TNFR superfamily contains a large number of proteins that regulate a very broad array of developmental and differentiating processes. Indeed, a number of biologic TNF blocking therapies are being used now to inhibit the inflammation associated with Cro...
The TGF beta (Transforming Growth Factor) super family, which is prominent among these regulatory signals, comprises a large and diverse group of polypeptide morphogens including the prototype of the family–the TGF beta themselves as well as the BMPs ...