Drawing on life cycle theory, this paper explores the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure and the cost of debt using 556 Indian鈥恖isted firms. The findings show that ESG disclosure is negatively related to the cost of debt; however, the impact of ESG ...
This involves four major steps which are goal and scope definition, life-cycle inventory (LCI), life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA), and interpretation. Because the areas of protection cover human health, ecosystem health, and natural resources and has a direct threat to global warming due ...
According to ISO 14040, LCA methodology consists of four components or steps: Goal definition and scoping,life cycle inventory(LCI),life cycle impact assessment(LCIA) andlife cycle interpretation. In the goal and scope definition phase, the product or service to be assessed, the functional unit,...
The effect of weather on the life cycle of the speckled wood butterfly Pararge aegeria 来自 Semantic Scholar 喜欢 0 阅读量: 32 作者: SHREEVE,G T.摘要: 1. Pararge aegeria (L.) is a very unusual butterfly of Britain, having a long period of adult activity, from April to October, ...
To account for the life cycle primary energy consumed or displaced, energy return on investment (EROI) values were applied to electricity imports and exports, biofuel exports, transportation fuel consumption, and natural gas consumption. Like financial return on investment, which is a measure of the...
The biogas leakage effect is excluded from our analysis and are not incorporated into the life cycle inventory of its micro-pollution characteristics49,50. Water footprint The Cropwat software, developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), has been widely adopted in numerous WF ...
17.7.2.1Life cycle inventory By definition, LCI is the compilation and quantification of allnatural resourcesconsumed and all substances emitted into environment by the life cycle system (emissions and resources). LCIs are traditionally based on the average data of material and energy inputs and outp...
four major phases or stages such as goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory, impact assessment, and results interpretation. It is an important decision-making support tool for sustainable business for product development, strategic planning, marketing, and for government use for policy making....
“definition” of inflation]). As the value of Bitcoins come down, naturally the profits of miners will come down also, if measured in terms of how much a Bitcoin can buy. The system will tend towards a state of equilibrium, one in which the profitability of miners is throttled by ...
Better treatment outcomes can be achieved by scheduling quit dates to coincide with the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in female smokers.131 Nicotine and cotinine metabolism is faster in women than in men and is faster in women taking oral contraceptives compared with those who are not;...