"The Confucian as Patriot and Pragmatist, Li Hongzhang's Formative Years, 1823-1866." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 30 (1970): 5-45.Kwang-Ching Liu.The Confucian as Patriot and Pragmatist:The Formative Years of Li Hung-chang, 1823-1866. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies ....