Evolution at the level of the cell can be difficult to study because exhaustive documentation of the parts of individual cells (expressed genes or morphological characters) is rare. However, some recent studies have focused on this biological level (e.g. [42••,44]). In these studies, ...
subtilis, the cultures (45 ml) were grown in SP medium supplemented with xylose (1%; to induce the ectopic cdaSL44F allele) at 37 °C to an A600 of 1.0. The cells were harvested by quick centrifugation at 4 °C. An additional sample was taken for the determination of total protein ...
Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a human pathogen that is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer, has been considered a microaerophile, but there is no general consensus about its specific O2 requirements. A clear understanding of Hp physio
Similar to antibodies, mRNA probes (specific for sequences of targeted transcripts) can be used to design a panel for targeted spatial profiling. Such approaches have shorter protocols, easier handling, and enable more transcripts (generally few hundreds of transcripts, up to 10,000) to be captur...
The rise of genomics and large-scale high-throughput sequencing has shed light on the multi-faceted role of TEs. However, many genomic studies exclude TEs due to difficulties in their analysis as a consequence of their repetitive nature22. Thus, TE analysis often requires the use of specialized...
Purpose. The models test which transmission mechanisms for acoustic behaviour, if any, can give rise to clans of social units of sperm whales with distinct acoustic repertoires, and explain the multilevel social structure observed empirically. ...
The prevalence of ONFH is on the rise, making it a growing global health concern [9, 10]. The aetiology of ONFH includes both traumatic and nontraumatic causes. Nontraumatic ONFH is associated with many risk factors, including steroid use, alcohol consumption, and autoimmune diseases, such as...
1 2 Countries vary in history, culture, system and economic development level, but peoples of all countries uphold the shared human values of peace, development, equity, justice, democracy and freedom.1 Peace and development are our common cause, equity and justice our common aspiration, and ...
In contrast to the growing knowledge of Pitransport in intestine, bone, and kidney, the molecular mechanisms mediating Pifluxes into soft tissues remain poorly understood. For example, insulin elicits a rapid increase in Piuptake by primary rat hepatocyte cultures[33]and in skeletal muscle[34]by ...
beings on this planet has changed greatly over the past millennia and was in many aspects linked to changes in the natural environment—both in terms of being driven by changes in the environment and also of inducing such changes—as well as the evolution of technologies and human cultures. It...