The ophthalmological examinations, performed for all participating individuals, consisted of automated refractometry, measurement of presenting, uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity (using the results of automatic refractometry and refining it by subjective comparison), static perimetry (PTS 1000 Perim...
species with predominant cross-fertilization had longer sperm than species with predominant self-fertilization or a mixed breeding system. Across species with shells (snails), sperm length also increased with shell size.
Study Design and Participants This cross-sectional study included 421 right eyes of 421 Brazilian schoolchildren (age range, 5–19 years; average age, 10.6 ± 2.9 (standard deviation) years; participation rate, 74.3%) who underwent a medical check-up that included the measurement of height and...