Fine-tuning pretrained large language models (LLMs) has become a mainstream paradigm for solving downstream natural language processing tasks. However, training a language model for legal applications requires a large corpus of legal documents to enable the language model to learn legal terminology and...
AI research has matured from investigating the structure of the domain and the need for heuristics with the help of increasingly intelligent technologies, such as Expert Systems (ES), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL) and today, Large Language Models (LLMs). First, scientists (such as...
term promissory notes issued by high quality commercial entities, and while maturities vary, typically they are less than one year. CP has been widely used as a way of corporate financing in short?term financial market because of its advantages including the simplicity and speed of issuing ...
Waseda University Press, Tokyo, pp 265–285 {reprint in: Varga C (1994) Law and philosophy: selected papers in legal theory. ELTE “Comparative Legal Cultures” Project, Budapest, pp 437–457} Google Scholar Varga C (1994b) Kelsen’s “Pure theory of law” – yesterday, today and ...
Notes 1. From the business perspective, the high burdens and difficulties of e-sale transactions originated from the legal requirement to comply with very fragmented and disparate national consumer protection laws. On the consumer side, it is often said that most consumers who are likely to have ...
the executives in our sample. Specifically, we identify CEOs by name using ExecuComp’s classification (data item CEOANN = CEO). We classify a manager as a lawyer CEO, whereLAWYER_CEO =1, if the CEO has a law degree (LLB, BCL, LLM, LLD, or JD) or a doctorate in ...
Notes 1. ANG Hean Leng, LLB (Malaya); LLM (Melbourne); Advocate and Solicitor, High Court of Malaya; Sessional Lecturer, School of Arts and Sciences, Monash University (Sunway Campus), Selangor, Malaysia. AmandaWhiting, Doctor, BA(Hons); Dip Ed; Grad Dip Modern Languages (Indonesian); LLB...