The scientific study of the causation, correction, and prevention of crime. As a subdivision of the larger field of sociology, criminology draws on psychology, economics, anthropology, psychiatry, biology, statistics, and other disciplines to explain the causes and prevention of criminal behavior. Sub...
Causation has two prongs. First, a tort must be the cause in fact of a particular injury, which means that a specific act must actually have resulted in injury to another. In its simplest form, cause in fact is established by evidence that shows that a tortfeasor's act or omission was ...
16, the law does not prohibit the rights of citizens 17 privacy stops before the house door 18 in court, there is only evidence, there is no truth 19, when both rights met, the old man won. 20 no one is obliged to do the impossible. 21, correlation is not causation. 22 No one ...
The key phrase in terms of internal coherence is “causally connected”; to be internally consistent, the events must bear a relationship to one another, not just be adjacent to each other or be randomly ordered. That relationship, for our purposes, depends on sequence and causation. Sequence ...
For instance, they do not account for the difference between directand indirect causation. If Peter leaves his child in his car on a hot summer day,there is a risk that he will‘cause her to die’, but we would not normally say that178Mateusz Zeifert he will‘kill’her. The following...
CHINESE PRACTICE OF CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION OFDATA SECURITY IN THE AGE OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND ITS PATH TO PERFECTIONQin ChangsenTABLE OF CONTENTSⅠ. THE HISTORY AND SHORTCOMINGS OF CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION OF DATA SECURITY...
In criminal law, the illegal act of the defendant must have caused the victim’s injury or death without anything ‘breaking the chain of causation’. One way to break this chain is with a new and voluntary act of the victim or a third party which becomes the main cause of injury or ...
“De minimis non curat lex,” a Latin maxim meaning “The law does not concern itself with trifles,” signifies that courts should not waste time on minor, insignificant matters. Originating from Roman law, this principle is reflected in Section 95 of the Indian Penal Code, which prevents pen...
Footnote 61 The concept of causation and foreseeability would have to be expanded under negligence law,Footnote 62 for instance, to cover harm caused by avatars or infrastructures in the metaverse. 2.6 Granting avatars separate legal personality In the metaverse of the future, it is perhaps ...
The rule of law is an ambiguous term that can mean different things in different contexts. In one context the term means rule according to law. No individual can be ordered by the government to pay civil damages or suffer criminal punishment except in strict accordance with well-established and...