In this context, I think the implication is individual study by oneself (without teacher involvement). As in reading the material (e.g. textbook) and trying to learn the material on your own. If they meant one-to-one teaching, they would have likely referred to it as "private tutoring"...
The EU is officially committed to fostering multilingualism among its citizens, by working together with Member States to reach ambitious objectives, such as “teaching at least two languages in addition to the main language(s) of instruction from an early age and by exploring the potential of ...