Lead–acid batteries are widely used, and their health status estimation is very important. To address the issues of low fitting accuracy and inaccurate prediction of traditional lead–acid battery health estimation, a battery health estimation model is
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Lead–acid batteries can be used in various battery energy storage system (BESS) scenarios, for example, the more traditional and well-established uninterruptible power supply (UPS) use case or standby emergency reserve, where the battery is kept at 100% SOC and maintained by float voltage [1,...