1. 目的和范围定义(Goal and Scope Definition)目的:明确LCA研究的目标,例如评估产品的环境影响、比较不同产品或设计方案的环境性能等。范围:确定研究的边界,包括产品系统边界、生命周期阶段、环境影响类别等。例如,是否包括原材料的开采、生产过程中的能源消耗、使用阶段的排放以及废弃处理等。
(1) 目标与范围定义(Goal and Scope Definition) 目标:明确分析的目的和应用场景。 范围:确定系统边界、功能单位、数据要求和假设条件。 (2) 清单分析(Life Cycle Inventory, LCI) 收集产品生命周期内所有输入(如能源、原材料)和输出(如排放、废弃物)数据。 建立详细的物质和能量流动清单。 (3) 影响评估(Life ...
Goal, Scope and Background China is one of the main producers of metallic zinc and its annual production has been becoming the largest in the world since the year 2000. To improve the environmental situation of zinc production in China, a life cycle assessment was performed for hydro and ...
Environmental, 2006) that define the following phases: 1) Goal and scope definition; 2) Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis; 3) Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA); 4) Life Cycle Interpretation. In particular, all data collected and used for the LCI were loaded into SimaPro v.8.3 (è-...
break down the consumption among services considering the electricity demand, taking into account the energy needs, the seasonal efficiencies, and the electrical demand for controlled mechanical ventilation, artificial lighting, and vertical transport (services reported by CENED but out of scope of this...
The principle is in classification of unavailable data based on their relevance to the results and to the goal and scope definition. The goal is to let the analysts focus on the most important parameters before spending resources on the least relevant missing data. The approach was realized on ...
datasets cover the same scope. Therefore, the influence of data or systematic changes can be identified more easily. The draw- back is, of course, that such comparisons cannot speak for the whole database. In order to implement the matched sample approach, func- tionally identical processes ne...
At level 1 few differences exist: both tools use essentially the same fate and effect models, including their coefficients and data. At level 2 distinctive differences emerge: regional or life-cycle perspective, emission pulses or fluxes, scope of chemicals and types of impacts, use of ...
The new method has great scope, as demonstrated for β 2-, β 3-, β 2,3-, β 2,2,3-, γ 2-, γ 3-, γ 4-, and γ 2,3,4-amino acid derivatives.doi:10.1002/1522-2675(20001220)83:123.0.CO;2-PAndreas BhmDieter Seebach...
ASCERTAINMENT OF ADMISSIBLE SYSTEMATIC OVERLOADS IN THE DISTRIBUTIVE OIL-TRANSFORMERSV. A. AnishchenkoV. V. Ivanov