both positive and negative, on both the state of residence and state of nationality. The right also includes the right to obtain the necessary travel documents for international travel, in particular a passport, which is normally incumbent on the state of nationality.Footnote26Indeed, the ...
p. 192. Dannenbaum notes that ‘“[e]ffective control” is the correct governing principle, but rather than “overall operational control” as it has thus far been understood in the peacekeeping context, “effective control” must be understood to mean “control most likely to be effective...
In 1900 there were many states in Europe without a dominant nationality, by 2007 there were only two: Belgium is close to break up, and Switzerland, where the domestic ethnic balance of power is protected by strict citizenship laws. We also have Canada, where the ethnic division between Frenc...
Article 1 of the 1951 United Nations (UN) Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (1951 Convention) defines refugee as ‘a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence due to a well-founded fear of persecution base on race, religion, nationality, member...
century (e.g., the adoption in Britain of the War Crimes Act in 1991 and the Sex Offenders Act in 1997). Ships and aircraft have the nationality of the state whose flag they fly or in which they are registered and are subject to its jurisdiction....
or groups, the taking of hostages,torture,collectivepunishment, offenses thatconstitute“outrages upon personal dignity,” the imposition of judicial sentences (including executions) without due-process guarantees, and discriminatory treatment on the basis of race, religion, nationality, or political ...