This article shows that, in market contexts, the challenges of manipulation by algorithm necessitate an integrated understanding of unfair commercial practice, data protection, and privacy law. It maps the interactions between these contiguous yet distinct fields of law, and draws on economics and ...
Approaches to Algorithm Protection in China, from the Perspectives of Trade Secrets and Patents April 16, 2025 Partner Xiangxiang Ma of Anjie Broad Law Firm examines the advantages and disadvantages of two key approaches to the legal protection of vital AI algorithms ...
For example, if an algorithm is developed for a specific purpose, it may be impossible to protect it under the patent laws. In such a situation, algorithms may not be protected by patent law. But in some cases, they may be protected under state or federal laws. So, if your algorithm ...
app – n.a computer or phone program that performs a special function algorithm – n.a set of steps that are followed in order to complete a computer process AI – n.the power of a computer to copy intelligent human behavior assign – v...
When discussing the potentiality and challenges of machine learning algorithms, this paper will make use of the general term ‘algorithm’, for readability. 2. See, e.g. Dourish (2016); Gillespie (2014); Mayer-Schoenberger and Cukier (2013). 3. When referring generically to rights, this pape...
#include #include<set>#include<list>#include<cmath>#include<queue>#include<stack>#include<cstdio>#include<vector>#include<string>#include<cctype>#include<complex>#include<cassert>#include<utility>#include<cstring>#include<cstdlib>#include<iostream>#include<algorithm>usingnamespacestd; typedef...
specific person or entity. Furthermore, it carries the required information to sign a document electronically as well as identify the owner of the signature along with their details, including their name, DNI (Spanish identification), signature keys and algorithm, expiration date, and the issuing ...
1960s and early 1970s pointed out, this theory-based procedure is valid and practical only for two-electron systems, since there, the target states are known exactly, the properties of the projection operators are rigorously satisfied, and the computational algorithm is in harmony with the ...
A novel optimization methodology, Momentum Search Algorithm (MSA) is presented based on Newton’s laws: the law of conservation of momentum. It includ
(2019) applied a population-based ant colony algorithm to identify ecological security patterns based on corridors and restoration of 34 key points during a case study of Beijing city. In addition to physical security, as mentioned in Hoor-Ul-Ain (2020), there are other challenges, including ...