As noted earlier, there are two distinct types of intestines: the small intestine and the large intestine. The small intestine is smaller in diameter but much longer than the large intestine. It is about 22 feet long, while the colon is just six feet long. Considering just how long the ...
It is well known that isolated segments of intestine can generate propagating contractions of smooth muscle17,20. But, how the different neurochemical classes of neurons in the ENS are temporally activated along the colon, to cause propagating neurogenic contractions of the smooth muscle cells has re...
Large language models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence (AI) tools specifically trained to process and generate text. LLMs attracted substantial public attention after OpenAI’s ChatGPT was made publicly available in November 2022. LLMs can often answer
Terminology Gastrin is mainly secreted from gastrin-secreting cells (G cells) in the antrum mucosa or upper small intestine and large intestine. Medulla oblongata and dorsal nuclei of the vagus nerve and central nervous system also secrete gastrin. MAPK is an intracellular serine/threonine protein ki...