Nine area charts, 1 for each of the highlighted countries plus an 8-country aggregate chart, show mostly positive but descending values with some small dips into negative territory in 4 of the charts. The vertical axes show surplus workers in relation to labor demand, going from -4% ...
The economics behind this result is that incumbent workers can renegotiate wages after firing taxes have been phased-in, allowing them to obtain a larger share of the match surplus while the firm is locked in by the firing tax. Such a two-tier wage structure deals with the so-called hold...
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In subject area: Social Sciences Labor Market Policy (LMP) is a term that refers to the set of measures implemented by governments to assist individuals, particularly those who are unemployed, in dealing with challenges in the labor market. It encompasses a wide range of activities and varies ...
The surplus the Germans made from the scheme partly offset Mozambique’s trade deficit with East Germany, which could not be settled in cash as the countries operated a barter system.Footnote 17 However, a majority of the workers did not receive from the Mozambican government the deferred pay ...
[24] Here, they have neither knowledge sovereignty over employee concerns, nor a central role for employees, nor any significance in the area of the platform economy. And they find it difficult not only to secure the loyalty of employees but also to intervene in distribution issues. Other ...
Since the General Government had to exercise a subordinate role and to serve as a reservoir of raw materials, food, and labor for the Third Reich, it was necessary to obtain a surplus of food by reducing the consumption of the non-German population living under the General Government. ...
Such concerns are a recurring theme in the series of natural field experiments conducted by Bandiera et al. that are described below. Third, the model highlights that under fixed hourly wage schemes, there should not be much heterogeneity in workers output or effort, despite workers being ...
In light of environmental concerns, Robert Ashford acknowledges that the facilitation of ownership-broadening binary-financing may need to be complemented with other governmental policies to ensure that the resulting increased purchasing power is not spent in an environmentally destructive way. Increasing ...
said that Chinese government documents indicated coercion was used to place Uyghur “surplus laborers” into transfer programs. In the same year, the International Labor Organization expressed “deep concern” over China’s labor policies in Xinjiang, noting that coercion was built into the regulatory...