1890. American companies recruited workers from China to build railways in California and elsewhere in the West during the second half of the 19th century. These laborers, typically called “coolies” (now a pejorative term), agreed to—or were forced to agree to—predatory contracts that paid...
Still other high-status slaves worked as merchants. Before the invention of the corporation, using slaves was one way to expand thefamilyfirm. The practice seems to have begun in Babylonia and was perpetuated in Rome, Spain, theIslamic world, China, and Africa. Slaves were entrusted with larg...
With the emergence and expansion of a shortage of migrant workers, there is much debate over whether China has reached Lewis turning point (LTP). This paper uses China's national farm product cost-benefit survey data to analyze changes of labor cost, labor input, capital input and marginal la...
The report said that the change in labour force and low wages began at the end of last year, and has not yet significantly affected China's competitiveness. Nevertheless, with the improvement of China's labor wages, some European and French enterprises suppliers and subcontractors have been alert...
Second, we explore a quasi-natural experiment—the implementation of the new Labor Contract Law in China—and use this regulatory change to identify the exogenous increases in labor cost among Chinese firms. Using the difference-in-differences method, we show that labor-intensive firms—whose labor...
The article reports on the opinion of that experts that China's already declining low-cost labor advantage will end about 2010. The labor cost in China is now rising at an annual rate of 20 percent. Combined with the steadily rising cost of fuel and transportation, the Chinese outsourcing ...
J.C. Penney Co. has said that in the past 5 years, garment factories have been evacuated from China to Indonesia, Vietnam, India and Bangladesh. Darin, President of Li Feng, said that the recent rise in minimum wage has increased the average labor cost in China by 5% to 15%. ...
Whereas the greatest share of the workforce in China was still in agriculture, the US and EU had it in the tertiary sectors by outsourcing large shares of agriculture, mining, and industry: they import about half of the labor time in their consumption. At the global level, the trade of ...
It is the purpose of this paper therefore to investigate the prevailing factors for labor cost and to construct models of man-hour estimation for building new ships for the China Shipbuilding Corporation. According to an empirical analysis, the effects of factors such as hull steel weight, main ...
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate Chinese farmers' adaptation behavior in the context of the rising cost of labor in agriculture. As the cost of labor increases, farmers will either reallocate their budget to different inputs or change the structure of agricultural production ...