Increasingly since the 1990s, however, more and more of the Filipino labor migrants deployed from the country for overseas jobs were women in both unskilled and semi-skilled occupations. Confronted with high-profile cases of abuse and discrimination especially and particularly of its women migrants, ...
In most cases, salary reductions must be understood and agreed upon by employees. Occasionally, pay cuts coincide with position adjustments. Employers bear the responsibility of demonstrating the fairness and reasonableness of such changes. Companies are required to follow “democratic procedures”, such...
In many cases, however, there are interactions between complexity and disaggregation, which we will explore in this chapter as well. Let us illustrate this by three examples. (i) The introduction of involuntary unemployment confronts us with characteristically different unemployment rates for different ...
In all cases, the land owner may retain an area of not more than seven (7) hectares if such landowner is cultivating such area or will now cultivate it. Art. 9. Determination of land value. For the purpose of determining the cost ...
We limited the IV taking 1 to cases where mothers reported a consistent wage increase across both periods (A) to (B) and (B) to (C) to ensure the robustness of the indicator.Footnote13Since the IV partly relies on perceived trends (especially for non-working mothers), narrowing the defin...
(2016), 14.5% of the total workers in the Philippines were moonlighters in 2009. Meanwhile, in 2019, Indonesian moon- lighters comprised 17.64% of the total workers based on Sakernas (Indonesian Labor Force Survey) data. Numerous models offer insights into the motivation driving individuals to...
Often employers wish to reduce wage costs, although it may be possible, in some cases, to raise profits by paying workers more, so that they work harder – an effort bargain based on the so-called ‘efficiency wage’. Show moreView chapter Reference work 2009, International Encyclopedia of ...
transitioning from part-time to full-time caregiving roles qualifies as a temporary, one-time occurrence under the H-2B visa program. This decision highlights the importance of robust medical documentation, sets critical precedent for future cases, and underscores the necessity of strategic legal ...
6938 (Cooperative Code of the Philippines) and other laws. dd. Cost of Living Allowance (COLA) – refers to the cost of living allowance prescribed by the Board for covered private sector workers and employees in the National Capital Region. ee. Wage Distortion –refers to a situation where ...
(1993). Children and hazardous work in the Philippines. International Labour Organization. Rodgers, D. (2021). The political economy of violence and social order in contemporary Nicaragua. In Brotherton, D. and Gude, R., J. (eds.) Routledge International Handbook of Critical Gang Studies. ...