KRAS amplificationPrognosisBackground: Gastric cancer is one of the deadliest cancer entities worldwide. While surgery is the only curative treatment option in early tumors, for locally advanced and metastatic patients further therapeutic targets are needed. Several studies not only reported mutations but...
Tokino, A novel method, digital genome scanning detects KRAS gene amplification in gastric cancers: involvement of overexpressed wild-type KRAS in downstream signaling and cancer cell growth. BMC Cancer 9 (2009) 198. [3] J.E. Ruhe, S. Streit, S. Hart, C.H. Wong, K. Specht, P....
the functional role ofKRASWTamplification, which has recently been shown to be a secondary means of KRAS activation in cancer2, remains mostly unexplored. The largest part of the human genome is composed of non-coding genes, which are transcribed but ...
Such changes result in thesignal path being always "open". This "open" signal causescell growth and proliferation (proliferation). Thus, overexpression of RAS(overexpression) and amplification (amplification) lead to sustained cellproliferation, which is a critical step in tumorigenesis. Cell division...
While lncRNAs have the capacity to regulateKRASexpression, abnormal levels of KRAS, one of the mediators of many cellular signaling pathways, reciprocally cause diverse molecular alterations, such as dysregulation of lncRNA expression.KRASamplification has been shown to be a secondary means of KRAS act...
(GISTs), expressing the bcr-abl fusion protein and tyrosine kinase receptor c-kit, respectively. Further, drug resistance to imatinib is usually attributed to mutation of the imatinib-binding sites of these proteins [113], although amplification of the bcr-abl fusion gene or overexpression of ...
(Beckeret al., 2006; Takehanaet al., 2003).EGFRincreased copy number was reported in about 13% of GC, which was mainly attributed topolysomyofchromosome 7rather than toEGFRgene amplification(Moutinhoet al., 2008). Furthermore, mutations at theEGFRkinase domain were found very rarely in GC...
a), ranking among the top alterations, and commonly occurring in ovarian, esophagogastric, anduterine cancers[ 4 5 Download:Download high-res image (673KB) Download:Download full-size image Figure 1.Distribution of KRAS alleles/amplification and patient numbers in cancer. Mutation and amplification...
Amplification of RNA and array hybridization According to the recommendations of the manufacturer, 100 ng of total RNA was used in the first-round synthesis of double-stranded cDNA. The RNA was reverse tran- scribed using a WT cDNA synthesis and amplification kit (Affymetrix UK Ltd., High ...
Zhang Xiuhua, Xu Y., Gao Z., Liu K., Zhou M., Gao B., Shen D., Zhang L., Ji A., Gavine P.R., Zhang J., Kilgour E., Zhang X., Ji Q. 2013.FGFR2gene amplification in gastric cancer predicts sensitivity to the selective FGFR inhibitor AZD4547.Clin. Cancer Res. 19, 2572...