Additional Horizontal Traces of Ground Reflections on Ionograms from the Interkosmos-19 Satellite in the Night TroughSURFACE of the earthRAY tracingREFLECTIONSARTIFICIAL satellitesAdditional horizontal traces of ground reflections were observed in a studied series of high-latitude, Kp sounding ionograms ...
We consider the scattered reflections and multiple traces observed on the topside sounding ionograms recorded onboard the Interkosmos-19 satellite in the frequency band of 7-11 MHz. The reflected radio signals in this band appear both above and below the critical frequency of the F2 layer. They...
IonogramsLongitudeThe longitude effect upon foF2 over the dip equator is anticorrelated with the total electrojet current, and also to some extent with the build-up of the northern and southern crests. The shape of the topside profile varies drastically with the longitudinal variations of foF2....
During some of the satellite transit orbits the electron densities at the maximum of the F2 layer coincide precisely with those obtained from ground ionograms. In other cases differences were observed, perhaps because of the differences in time; the ionospheric stations at Sofia and Michurin worked...
The scattered reflections and multiple traces regularly recorded on the topside sounding ionograms of the Interkosmos-19 satellite in the frequency range of 7–10 MHz are considered. The reflected radio signals in this frequency range appear both above and below the critical frequency of the ...
Waveguides are usually associated with other irregularities of various sizes in the equatorial ionosphere, some of which cause additional traces and spread F on the topside-sounding ionograms. Ducted-echo characteristics observed with Interkosmos-19 are different from those observed earlier with the ...
Additional strongly remote (up to 2000 km) radio-signal reflection traces on Intercosmos-19 ionograms obtained in the equatorial ionosphere have been considered. These traces, as a rule, begin at frequencies slightly lower than the main trace cutoff frequencies, which indicates that an irregularity...
Remote traces of reflections on the Interkosmos-19 ionograms are investigated.These traces are connected with waveguides in the equatorial ionosphere.Ray tracing confirms this supposition and estimates typical parameters of waveguides.Waveguides are observed much more often during nighttime than during ...