We also separately analyze each component of the ESG score, which allows us to identify potential economic sources behind the valuation effect of CSR. To construct proxy variables for investors' valuation of a firm, we extract each firm's financial information, such as the market value of ...
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These changes also influence the benefits and costs of public wellbeing [1,2] and affect "not only the biophysical systems that surround us, but also for the connections between those systems and human society in relation to broader, more complex social themes such as economics, social justice...
It combines the predictions from a set of weak classifiers, and eventually their average predictions form a strong classifier. A single-split classification tree is a weak classifier used in the AdaBoost algorithm, which forms a sequence of trees using updated data with new weighting. Each data ...
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mathematics Article Estimating Age-Specific Natural Mortality for Sandfish in the Eastern Coastal Waters of Korea Giphil Cho 1, Daewook Kim 2 , Sukgeun Jung 3, Il Hyo Jung 4 and Sangil Kim 4,* 1 Finance·Fishery·Manufacture Industrial Mathematics Center on Big Data, Pusan National ...
Equation (1) is called the fractional programming model, because the equation is in a fractional form. However, in general, this fractional model can be transformed into the form shown in Equation (2) in which the solution can be obtained using linear programming techniques. θk∗ = minθ...
Of the were collected, and the dominant species was Zacco koreanus (appearance, 13 of 24 sites; RA, 43.6%). In the eastern mountainous zone, 19 species and eight families (from 1516 individuals) were sampled, and Zacco koreanus (8 of 10 sites; 38.7%) was the dominant Diversity 2022, ...