Third, the kidney excretes metabolic by-products and exogenous substances, including certain drugs. Finally, the kidney is an important endocrine organ, producing key hormones involved in the regulation of blood pressure and erythropoiesis, as well as calcium, phosphate, and bone metabolism. The ...
121 The primary function of peritubular capillary and vasa recta is to uptake nutrients and water from the nephron tubules back to the circulation, and release ions and metabolic wastes to the tubules for urine formation.47 Show moreView chapter Book 2022, The VasculomeXiaowu Gu, Ondine Cleaver...
尿生成的调节regulationofurineformation 肾血流量的调节 神经—体液调节 regulationofrenalbloodflownervousandhumonalcontrol (对滤过的调节) (对重吸收和分泌) 自身神经体液 调节调节调节ADH醛固酮甲状旁腺素 Aldosteroneparathyroid hormone 一、抗利尿激素 antidiuretichormone,ADH ...
Finally, when the normal set point is reached, the feedback signals restore the transport processes to a normal state. More than 150 years ago, Claude Bernard in a seminal publication (Figure 3.1) described the stability of the internal environment as the necessary condition for independent ...
Interestingly, at least 6000 cells derived from different nephron segments are lost every hour in the urine, suggesting that the progenitor cells are required for continuous replacement of loss of cells during physiological processes [184]. Additional evidence from several studies indicated that adult ...
The cell is the basic unit of life, and its fate and function are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Because most organisms rely on oxygen as the final electron acceptor in metabolic processes based on reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, how cells mitigate oxidative stress is a ...
The efficiency of renal O2 utilization was approximated by the ratio of total tubular transport of Na (TNa) − accounting for the vast majority of energy consuming processes in the kidney20-, and VO2, with TNa being equal to filtered Na minus excreted Na: $${\text{TNa}} = \left( {...
and podocytes exhibiting slit diaphragms between foot processes [61]. The structure of the GFB begets its function, blood filtration based upon the size and charge of solutes. The primitive urine formed from glomerular filtration enters nephron tubules, where it is processed by absorptive and secreto...
Optimising GMP manufacturing processes for cell therapies while transferring from the laboratory to an industrial scale is an evolving process. Moreover, to enable widespread use of these regulatory cell therapies in routine clinical practice, GMP cell manufacturing protocols need to be transferred to mu...
Improvements in the materials and production processes to increase the removal effect of uremic toxins may improve their applicability in extracorporeal purification systems. Abhishek Tyagi et al. developed a CA-functionalized graphene oxide composite material for hemoperfusion, which cleared creatinine from ...