Parenchymal Laceration depth >1 cm into renal cortex AND No rupture or urinary extravasation Grade 4 Renal Injury Major parenchymal HemorrhageLacerations through cortical Medullary junction, into collecting system Renal artery and vein injury with contained Hemorrhage Grade 5 Renal Injury Kindey shattered ...
The dog was catheterised for a third time, with the catheter intentionally removed on day 15, without adverse effects.According to the grading system of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, the dog's renal injury was classified as grade 4 (on a scale of 1-5), indicating ...
The reason for using minimally invasive PNL was the small diameter of the PCN sheath with a more flexible angle for operating in the kidney during surgery, which is less likely to cause renal laceration injury. In addition, minimally invasive PNL provides a vacuum cleaner effect [28], which ...
Acute RVT is usually symptomatic and associated with loin, testicular, or flank pain; low-grade fever; and in the setting of a single kidney or renal transplant, symptoms of renal failure. Nausea and vomiting often accompany acute RVT, and symptoms might be confused with acute pyelonephritis. ...