However, the long-term use of these medications is associated with a number of adverse kidney outcomes, including acute and chronic kidney injury, CKD development and progression, kidney failure, and both CKD-related and all-cause death.37 One study found that PPI use was associated with a 24...
A large proportion of CKD can be prevented through healthy lifestyles, prevention and control of risk factors, avoidance of acute kidney injury, optimization of maternal and child health, mitigation of climate change, and addressing social and structural determinants of health [3]. Nevertheless, the ...
The complementary studies FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) examined cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in different, overlapping stages of CKD. The purpose of the FIDELITY analysis was to perform an individual patient-level prespecified pool...
It has been discovered that dehydration induces release of endorphins (morphine like agents made in the body that relax) and hydration suppresses their release. While terminally ill patients in the final stages of dying should be free to ask for food or fluid as desired, most don't and will ...
End stage kidney disease (ESKD), the last of the five stages of chronic kidney disease (Table 1), has devastating effects on both the patient and the family caregiver. Yet, family caregivers have received little attention in the literature [1,2,3]. The care provided by family caregivers to...
In some individual cases of MN, the electron microscopic pattern appears as if there had been waves of complex deposition with all of the preceding stages present in the same glomerulus, whereas in others cases the deposits appear as if there had been a continuous production of complexes with ...
Objective To determine whether the presence of a current major depressive episode (MDE) is associated with poorer outcomes in patients with CKD. Design, Setting, and Patients Prospective cohort study of 267 consecutively recruited outpatients with CKD (stages 2-5 and who were not receiving dialysis...
Until recently, the classification of acute renal failure did not follow a uniform standard until AKI as a term was established. The definition of acute renal failure used to describe the disease by its etiology and anatomical origin, classifying it in prerenal, intrinsic renal, and postrenal k...
are highly inflammatory and immunogenic per se, and that the differences that will be pointed out here may be minor, but may be of importance in a living organism. Most importantly, the process of dying does not appear to matter for the cell that dies, but obviously matters for the surroun...
are five stages to CKD, with the last stage being end stage renal disease (ESRD). Kidney doctors learn about the five stages of chronic kidney disease and how to manage them so they can slow the progression of the disease and provide their patients with the best possible quality of life....