Nephron anatomy is specialised to create urine from the blood through 4 key activities; filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion. Nephron secretion and reabsorption (diagram) Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle of the nephron, and is described above. Reabsorption and secretion are ...
The vascular connections are relatively simple, as shown in the diagram above. It is possible to accept kidneys from live donors, which enables very close blood matching between donors and recipients. Partly due to (2.), above, there are fewer immuno-supression-related problems (in which the ...
It is characterized by damage to kidney blood vessels, resulting in protein leakage, hypertension, and reduced renal function [2]. While metabolic disorders and inflammatory infiltration have been implicated in DKD progression, the primary factors and underlying mechanisms driving its advancement remain ...
Diagram 1 is the exterior of the kidney. The outside of the kidney was dark red in colour. The renal artery carries the blood into the kidney and the renal vein carries the blood away from the kidney. It was evident that at all layers of the kidney, the colours are different. The ...
During kidney development, metanephric vessels reveal renal blood vessel formation of both renal angiogenesis (the differentiation of capillaries in the embryonic kidney) and vasculogenesis (the in-situ sprouting and growth of endothelial). To detect the effect of HIF-1α on the blood vessel ...
Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood to the body tissues and deoxygenated blood away from the body tissues ? View Solution The following simplified diagram refers to the outline plan of the circulation of blood in a mammal, Study the diagram and write the number and the name of the blo...
that statural growth may be a significant factor in the relationship between bone and blood vessels in CKD. The process of ongoing bone mineral accrual may be a protective factor, buffering the vasculature from high circulating calcium and phosphate. It may be hypothesized that when the period ...
Diagram of the kidneys. In humans the kidneys are about 10 centimetres long and are located beneath the diaphragm and behind the peritoneum. Each kidney contains 1,000,000–1,250,000 nephrons that filter the entire five-quart water content of the blood every 45 minutes—an equivalent of 160...
HDL typically exerts protective effects on blood vessels, but this protection is significantly diminished in the context of CKD. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been identified in the HDL of CKD patients, and this compound can transform normal HDL into dysfunctional HDL [153]. As an endogenou...
The tubulointerstitium contains blood vessels and is densely populated with fibroblasts and immune cells, mainly DCs and MØs. These cells are usually classified according to their expression of cell surface molecules. In the late 1990s, the EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-li...