Keystone species are organisms that other species in the ecosystem depend upon and whose disappearance would devastate their biological...
Examples of keystone species are Pisaster (P), sea otters (O), predatory whelks (Concholepas, C), and freshwater bass (B). Dominants are high proportional biomass species whose large effects are not disproportional to their biomass, such as trees (T), giant kelp (K), prairie grasses (G...
There are a number of other well-described examples where keystone species act as determinate predators. Sea otters (i) regulate sea urchin populations, which in turn feed upon kelp and other macroalgae (Duggins 1980). The otters keep the sea urchin populations in check, thus allowing enough ke...
Through convergent evolution, they inform phylogenetically diverse species; initiate major trophic cascades; and structure respective communities within terrestrial, freshwater, coastal-ocean, and open-ocean environments. Their relevance to conservation biology involves the protection of threatened species or ...
Species distribution dynamics and dispersal route Range shifts are a primary response by species to environmental change [69,70]. The fossil record reflects numerous examples in both pollen and fossilized remains of species distribution shifts [71]. Combining species distribution models with spatial gene...
The antimicrobial effects phenazines exert on fungi are thought to be linked to their redox activity, at least partially due to their ability to create reactive oxygen species and/or destabilize the electron transport chain, resulting in lowered ATP [10]. As soils become more arid and thus ...
the model of distinguishing these two species in SCM based on the relationship of the relative asset and the relative profit is put forward.The examples also show the benefit of paying more attention to the keystone species in SCM.Recognizing and using these two species...
(2) the time it takes for such ecosystems to recover and, hence, their resilience8may not be predicted simply by the size of the disturbance. Instead, to develop accurate predictions for the many systems where dominant, habitat-forming species exhibit vegetative growth and/or spatially limited ...
The most convincing examples of keystone species are predators consuming dominant competitors. When two or more competitors overlap significantly in their use of resources, the theoretical expectation is that one or more of them will disappear from the environment. However, if a predator is introduced...
The study of its reproductive biology shows the existence of differential strategies, with reference to other species of the genus. The principal features are: (1) the absence of continuous iteroparity; (2) short average duration of the flowering period (36.8 days); (3) high value of intra...