Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic agent with analgesic property. It is highly lipophilic with a rapid onset of sedation and analgesia through its action on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and opioid receptors. Its ability to preserve respiratory drive and airway reflexes makes it an attractive ...
作用机制Ketamine interacts with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, opioid receptors, monoaminergic receptors, muscarinic receptors and voltage sensitive Ca ion channels. Unlike other general anaesthetic agents, ketamine does not interact with GABA receptors. ...
Heifets was skeptical when Williams approached him about joining the research effort. "Everything that I was taught, and everything that I've always taught my students—all of the evidence supports the fact that ketamine is not an opioid," he said. "I was really surprised at the results...
In fact, there may be physiological resonance between the placebo effect — in other words, hope — and how ketamine works. Studies suggest that both may be mediated in part by the brain’s μ-opioid receptors, which process pain. 事实上,安慰剂效应(换句话说,希望)和氯胺酮的作用之间可能存在...
Ketamineis a unique dissociative anesthetic that producesamnesiaand analgesia.Ketamineacts by noncompetitive antagonism of the NMDA receptor. Ketamine also acts via a complex interaction with µ- and κ-opioid receptors, is an agonist of dopamine-D2receptors, interacts with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT...
Ketamine mainly works through glutamate receptors. But research shows that it also needs opioid receptors to have its antidepressant effects. For psychiatrist Alan Schatzberg, MD, who did some of the research that uncovered this, that’s concerning. “It may not matter, but it does concern me,...
there are studies that point to ketamine’s pain properties involving both opioid and NMDA receptors (Mehta et al, 2012). Taken together data do indicate that ketamine has agonistic effects on mu opioid receptors that do suggest a potential risk of abuse. However, rodent studies on reinforcing ...
substances (like cocaine or opioids) increases ketamine self-administration, probably due to cross-sensitization. Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist, and drugs like dextromethorphan, alcohol, benzodiazepines, and opioids acting on NDMA receptors can change ketamine’s effects and increase addiction ...
including other classes of glutamate receptor and opioid receptors which may have contributed to the observed effects. Although the NMDAR is thought to be the primary ‘gatekeeper’ of memory reconsolidation23, non-NMDA receptors may also represent potential therapeutic targets for reconsolidation going ...
models of depression. Ketamine has a broad spectrum of pharmacologic activity, including affinity to theN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NDMAR), dopamine D2 receptors, andopioid receptors, as well as inhibition of neuronal reuptake transporters of 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine) and norepinephrine....