Even before its operating system boots up, your computer performs many preparatory operations upon instructions from a motherboard chip. In the past, the mechanism was called BIOS, until it was replaced by the expandable UEFI architecture. UEFI code is stored in the firmware, but extra modules ...
This mechanism got abused by the Equation group, which was able to download its own firmware to the hard drive of 12 different “categories” (vendors/variations). Functions of this modified firmware remain unknown, but malware on the computer obtains the ability to write and read data to/fro...
One could get the firmware in a hundred ways, from fairly complex techniques to a simple Internet download. That’s right: The firmware for many cars is available online; manufacturers provide it for diagnostics or maintenance. Well, that’s fine as long as all traffic is reliably encrypted. ...
This mechanism got abused by the Equation group, which was able to download its own firmware to the hard drive of 12 different “categories” (vendors/variations). Functions of this modified firmware remain unknown, but malware on the computer obtains the ability to write and read data to/fro...