Based on the reduced form approach and market value recovery,under the assumption of stochastic interest rate,the close form formula for both the pricing of the bond and default probability are obtained. 对公司的破产采用约化方法和市价回收,在利率是随机假定下分别给出了债券定价和违约概率的显式表达...
(i) Configure the study region parameters, its length and the resolution of the raster. (ii) Define the covariate formula in the "study region", x = f ( s ) . (iii) Select the type effect for the covariate: (a) linear, (b) first order random walk, (c) second order random wal...
Here S is the subject role, O is the object role, e is the entity (Note that the formula adds a letter subscript to e in order to distinguish between two different arbitrary entities), and → is the property descriptor. That is, we split the usual sense of the S (subject) and...
The dynamic pro- gramming algorithms in [30] for m > 2 and the fast, vectorized, formula for m = 2 , the time complexity for the evaluation of the RHOFM is of O(ninuFdm) . The number of parameter values in the RHOFM is 1 + m + (F + 1)d (see Definition 2). About...
where βj is the vector of coefficients and 1 is a vector of ones. In such a case, the joint model of (Y1,Y2,…,Yp) would be a multivariate normal distribution and the map tj is derived by conditional multivariate normal formula. On the other hand, the typical example of an incompat...
The formula for computing the Pearson correlationris as follows: r=1nobs−1∑i=1nobs(xi−x_)(yi−y_)Sx×Sy The formula for computing NRMSE is as follows: NRMSE=∑i=1nobs(yi−xi)2/n
Excel allows one to calculate the binomial probability directly using the following formula: =BINOM.DIST(number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative), where number s is the number of successes (x in the binomial equation), trials is the number of reads (n in the binomial equation), ...
semantic segmentation of inner ear structures and b) localization of landmarks have to be solved by a fully automated pipeline with minimal user interaction. Success in these two fundamental tasks may act as a gateway to fully automated cochlear duct length measurements, supplanting current formula...
Then, the above smart object correlation recommendation formula can be transformed into the following loss function.(2)LR=12∑ri,oj∈RZij−Rsri,oj2=12∑ri,oj∈RZij−∑u=1Uφu,irφu,jo∑v=1Vλu,vfvri,oj2where R is the training set that contains all the pairs of user requests ...
(3) The co-occurrence probability of rainfall and storm surges increases by at least 200% during typhoons. Therefore, coastal urban flood management should pay more attention to the joint impact of rainfall and storm surges on flood risk when a typhoon has occurred. (4) The expected annual ...