Based on the reduced form approach and market value recovery,under the assumption of stochastic interest rate,the close form formula for both the pricing of the bond and default probability are obtained. 对公司的破产采用约化方法和市价回收,在利率是随机假定下分别给出了债券定价和违约概率的显式表达...
In such a case, the joint model of [Math Processing Error](Y1,Y2,…,Yp) would be a multivariate normal distribution and the map [Math Processing Error]tj is derived by conditional multivariate normal formula. On the other hand, the typical example of an incompatible model would be the ...
Here S is the subject role, O is the object role, e is the entity (Note that the formula adds a letter subscript to e in order to distinguish between two different arbitrary entities), and → is the property descriptor. That is, we split the usual sense of the S (subject) and...
(i) Configure the study region parameters, its length and the resolution of the raster. (ii) Define the covariate formula in the "study region", x = f ( s ) . (iii) Select the type effect for the covariate: (a) linear, (b) first order random walk, (c) second order random wal...
The formula for computing the Pearson correlationris as follows: r=\frac{1}{n_{\mathrm{obs}}-1}\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n_{\mathrm{obs}}}\ \frac{\left({x}_i-\underset{\_}{x}\right)\left({y}_i-\underset{\_}{y}\right)\ }{S_x\times {S}_y} ...
Then, the above smart object correlation recommendation formula can be transformed into the following loss function.(2)LR=12∑ri,oj∈RZij−Rsri,oj2=12∑ri,oj∈RZij−∑u=1Uφu,irφu,jo∑v=1Vλu,vfvri,oj2where R is the training set that contains all the pairs of user requests ...
Success in these two fundamental tasks may act as a gateway to fully automated cochlear duct length measurements, supplanting current formula-based methods relying on Bézier curves fitted through manually set keypoints7. To approach the automatization goal, we consider recent progress in the field ...
For further goals, we need an integral Cauchy’s formula for analytic multivariate function written by an integral on the polydisc skeleton as follows. For any point z 0 ∈ G , for every partial derivative order K ∈ Z + n , and for every partial derivative order S ∈ Z + n , the...
A 2D convolution is performed on the image, and the value v of the (𝑥,𝑦)(x,y) of the j-th feature map of the i-th layer can be derived from the following formula. [𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣(𝑎,𝑤)]𝑎𝑖𝑗𝑥𝑦=𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ(𝑏𝑖𝑗+∑𝑚∑𝑃𝑖−1𝑝=0∑...
Update 𝜏𝑡−1𝑖τit−1 using Formula (3) to obtain 𝜏𝑡𝑖τit; 3: end for 4: Using Formula (4) to obtain 𝐹𝐶FC 5: 𝒟𝑡𝐶=𝒟𝑡𝐶∪{(𝑥,𝑦)}DCt=DCt∪{(x,y)} if 𝐹𝐶FC is True else 𝒟𝑡𝑁=𝒟𝑡𝑁∪{(𝑥,𝑦)}DNt=...