The assumption of normality for the within individual measurement error can be beneficial in model implementation, however, any outlying observations could influence the statistical inference [23]. Therefore, when this assumption was violated due to skewness or outliers, alternative distributions were propo...
Longitudinal data refers to the repeated measurement of data by a group of individuals in time or space order. Each individual is observed multiple times at different times or under different test conditions, and the obtained data has the characteristics of time series and cross-section data. In...
A number of mHealth applications have been developed for individuals with OA although to date, most have tended to focus on mobile assessment, joint measurement, and motion monitoring tools [15] with very few focusing on OA management [16, 17]. This is despite other digital interventions demons...
The action control cue and target and distractor stimuli flickered at distinct frequencies, thereby evoking frequency-defined evoked neural oscillations, allowing the measurement of selective attention prior to and during task performance. d All possible target/distractor positions within the display. On ...
Joint inference on HIV viral dynamics and immune suppression in presence of measurement errors. Biometrics. 2010;66(2):327–35. 71 Xue QL, et al. Heterogeneity in rate of decline in grip, hip, and knee strength and the risk of all-cause mortality: The women's health and aging study II...
Additionally, accelerometer-based PA measurement (overall average acceleration) (AccAve) was negatively related to sports injuries of the ankle–foot (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.99, p = 0.046) and lumbar spine (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.92, p = 0.012). Furthermore, we verified that...
Considering the measurement errors,Qis reasonably forecasted by all the variants. 3. Some delayed time shifts of forecasted transport spikes are evident. There are ~0.5 to ~6 min and ~1 to ~6 min delays between the measured and forecastedTandC, respectively. These deviations potentially result ...
Measurement of forward head and forward shoulder angle for this purpose, the photographic method was used. This method has optimal reproducibility and has been used in many studies. To measure forward head and forward shoulder angle using this method, first, three anatomical landmarks of ear tragu...
Patients’ characteristics, details of reference treatments, aspects of capsular distension therapy, and outcome measurement were evaluated at three points in time: baseline, early following intervention, and at the trial’s end. The primary and secondary outcomes were the between-group standardized ...
VAS score and maximum mouth-opening measurement were recorded as the criteria of clinical efficiency. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated. To evaluate effect, disc position before and after surgery were analysed using MRI. We also studied the influence of disc length on disc position and the ...