the mass flow rate ratio Cm and diameter ratio d / D of the minijet to main jet, and exit pressure ratio Pe / Pa and fully expanded jet Mach number Mj , where Pe and Pa are the nozzle exit and atmospheric pressures, respectively. Extensive pressure and schlieren flow visu...
In the initial region, jet velocity preserves its speed in a form of conus with a base at the nozzle exit. The highness of the conus (“Core” on Fig. 13) is independent of the jet velocity at the nozzle exit. Instead, it is proportional to its diameter and flow viscosity. Rajaratnam...
A simple scaling law for NOx emission index from hydrogen jet flames with no coaxial air in the laminar regime is developed. The scaling, based on the flame length, nozzle diameter and exit velocity, for the residence time in the laminar jet flames is derived. The normalized NOx emission ...
Efforts to adapt and extend graphic arts printing techniques for demanding device applications in electronics, biotechnology and microelectromechanical systems have grown rapidly in recent years. Here, we describe the use of electrohydrodynamically induced fluid flows through fine microcapillary nozzles for ...
. Highly volatile solvents, such as MEK and acetone, are typically avoided, as such solvents dry too quickly resulting in nozzle clogging at the print heads. Further, highly polar solvents, such as low molecular weight alcohols and glycols, tend to have too high of a solubility parameter for...
The virtual origin location, x0/D is negative for non-zero coflow, indicating a location behind the nozzle exit, and after scaling, x0∗/D= 3.16 for the free jet and reduces to 2.06 for the case with the highest coflow. In comparison, Xu and Antonia (2002) obtained a value of 3.7...
The nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) effect on a supersonic turbulent jet was investigated. A dedicated convergent/divergent nozzle together with a flow feeding system was designed and manufactured. A nozzle Mach exit of M j = 1.5 was selected in order to obtain a convective Mach number of M c ...
The injected liquid phase was charged through the injection nozzle. The applied electric field intensity was controlled by adjusting the potential value of the power supply, U, while the distance between electrodes were kept constant. The applied electric field intensity typically ranged from 0 kV...
The nozzle that we used for the gas jet is a Laval type design to achieve supersonic gas outlet velocity50. The orifice was rectangular: 1 mm wide and 300 μm long with a throat of 300 × 300 µm2 located 3 mm below the opening. Before the experiment, we performed 3D opt...
Huet2021), grid stretching is applied outside the jet near-field (see meshes sizes details in Sect.3.3) in order to damp the acoustic waves and avoid their reflections on the boundary conditions. Note that the flow inside the nozzle is computed in the simulations, including the nozzle ...