TheJava Collections Frameworkis a collection of interfaces and classes, which helps in storing and processing the data efficiently. This framework has several useful classes which have tons of useful functions which makes a programmer task super easy. I have written several tutorials on Collections in...
is one of the most important features introduced in Java 5. If you have been working onJava Collectionsand with version 5 or higher, I am sure that you have used it.Generics in Javawith collection classes is very easy but provides many more features than just creating the type of collectio...
Based on investigations of real programs, previous work [3, 8] proposed two typical refactoring methods. One is atomic refactoring that allows the programmer to use an operation on a variable with a compare-and-swap operation in- stead of using the synchronized construct. This replaces opera- ...
Control statements generally direct the flow of programs based on any desired condition. Control mechanisms such asif, else, switch, and loops like for, while, and do-whileare available in Java. These features will enable the implementer to perform the execution of blocks depending on a specific...
Data structures: Using arrays or collections to store and manipulate student and grade information. Mathematical Operations: Implementing algorithms for grade calculations based on specified weightage. Control Structures: Using loops and conditional statements to iterate through data and perform necessary compu...
The conditional thread safety provided bysynchronizedListandsynchronizedMappresent a hidden hazard -- developers assume that because these collections are synchronized, they are fully thread-safe, and they neglect to synchronize compound operations properly. The result is that while these programs appear to...
Efficient, concurrent data collections (maps, lists, and sets) that often yield superior performance in multithreaded contexts through the use of copy-on-write and fine-grained locks. Atomic variables that shield developers from the need to perform synchronized access by themselves. These variables ...
publicclassStringPrograms{publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){Stringstr="123";System.out.println(reverse(str));}publicstaticStringreverse(Stringin){if(in==null)thrownewIllegalArgumentException("Null is not valid input");StringBuilderout=newStringBuilder();char[]chars=in.toCharArray();for(inti=chars....
This month, Brian Goetz shows you how many concurrent programsGoetz, BrianBrian Gortz, ' Java theory and practice: Concurrent collections classes ', Jul. 23, 2003 (URL:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-tp07233.html?S-TACT=105AG)....
chapters end with a comprehensive "case study" example so that students can see how to apply the new concepts to a mid-sized program. At the University of Washington, we cover a chapter each week and have a different programming assignment each week to allow students to practice the new ...