Rats were anesthetized with a cocktail of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg), xylazine (20 mg/kg), and acepromazine (5 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally and received supplementary doses as need to maintain stable anesthesia throughout the procedures. Implantation of vagus nerve cuff electrodes was ...
For behavioral testing, all rats were implanted with a guide cannula (26 gauge cannula; Plastics One, Roanoke, VA) allowing brain drug injections targeting the lateral ventricle (LV) or DR under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. The cannulas were positioned and attached to the skull with dental acryl...
Anesthetized mice (80 mg/kg ketamine and 10 mg/kg xylazine) were submitted to transcardiac perfusion with 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and subsequently 2% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Brains were removed, fixed overnight in 4% PFA, and kept in a 30% sucrose solution at 4 ...
in order to assess the molecular mechanisms through which lithium alters the neurocircuitry involved in mood regulation and the role of AKT in this response, we examined the behavior of inbred mouse strains in models that are routinely used to assess the anti-manic and anti-depressant actions of...