In this article we show that valid formulas of the &unknown;&unknown;fragment of the first-order theory of atomic set constraints is -hard, i.e., co-recursively enumerable hard. This is proved by the encoding of
Computer Science is based on the study of computers and computing systems. Computer scientists completely work differently than electrical and computer engineers. They mostly interact with software and software systems including theory, design, development, and application. What is a Computer? A computer...
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Quantum computing is an emerging area of computer science focused on building computers based on the principles ofquantum theoryto dramatically increase computation speeds. It aims to use the unique behaviors of quantum physics to solve problems that are too complex for classical computing and to prov...
The effect of subjecting an orchestration E to an uncertainty profile U can be assessed through the value of the game ν(U). Although it is easy to compute this value in some well behaved cases (see Example 16), more generally it can be shown that this is a computational hard problem....
Hard to interpret.Complex RL algorithms will have a reason behind why they make a specific set of actions, but it might become difficult for human observers to determine the logic behind them. Resource-intensive.Reinforcement learning requires a lot of data and computation.Supervised learning, by ...
What Can Be Computed?: A Practical Guide to the Theory of Computation by John MacCormick [pdf] Topology Algebraic Topology for Data Scientists by Michael S. Postol Computational Algebraic Topology by Vidit Nanda General Topology by Tom Leinster [pdf] Metric and Topological Spaces by T. W...
ERP system and its benefits are helping businesses to strive hard and keep their firm place in the giant competitive world. ERP software provides users and managers with tools and resources that are needed for creatingproper forecasting. When the businesses receive correct information within ERP, the...
(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. ...
What are some qualities of good pseudocode? Is machine learning cognitive computing? What is deep learning in artificial intelligence? Explain the difference between undecidable, NP-complete, and NP-hard problems. Why is problem solving important for computer programmers?