” but pinning down causal effects rigorously is challenging. It’s not an accident that most heuristics about causality are negative—it’s easier to disprove causality than to prove it. As data science, statistics,
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real estate returns - monetary policy - market efficiency - Granger causality testsThis research examines the causal relationship between several financial variables and a portfolio of real estate returns using monthly data from January 1965 to December 1986. The empirical analys...
Chapter 4: Causation in HistoryMain idea of this chapter: To recognize the role of accidents on the development of history, but never overstress it to the point of making it into an ontology.In a group or a nation which is riding in the trough, not on the crest, of historical events,...
Although the direction of causality between behavioral and cortical observables remains to be established, this suggests that ongoing cortical dynamics in the awake state is more than a replay of past sensory activity. In line with this, it was also observed that, even if ongoing and evoked ...
“Let us define plot. We have defined a story as a narrative of events arranged in their time-sequence. A plot is also a narrative of events, the emphasis falling on causality. ‘The king died and then the queen died,’ is a story. ‘The king died, and then the queen died of grie...
The SARS outbreak was a prime example of the importance of contextualizing epidemiologically notable human behaviors in social, economic and cultural systems in order to decipher causality of an EID. Pandemic diseases in wild animals (epizootics) can also result in devastating impacts to a country’...
Another company that was deploying artificial intelligence followed the “respect every individual” principle by choosing models that were interpretable, so that the individual operators could understand the causality links between all of the recommendations from the models—and so...
A framework to infer causality on binary data using techniques in frequent pattern mining and estimation statistics. Given a set of individual vectors S={x} where x(i) is a realization value of binary variable i, the framework infers empirical causal rel
Participants were further instructed to avoid any snacking and/or physical activity during that time window (see “Methods”). This ensured a null or low impact of potential confounders (snacks, physical activity) of morning alertness, as well as a high temporal causality between the predictors of...