To maintain physiological homeostasis, the location of arginine, either intracellular or extracellular, is significant. Within Candida glabrata, an emerging fungal pathogen, we located an ortholog of the arginine transporter. Blast searches of the C. glabrata genome highlighted two potential orthologs of...
The process appears to be the primary source of ROS, which can activate intracellular signaling cascades leading to changes in cell structure and function [25]. Accordingly, therapy targeting the oxidative stress has been shown to improve recovery from I/R injury. IMD has many biological ...
Since only the non-ionized drug can cross cell membranes easily, both intracellular and extracellular pH are important. This principle is important in the case of barbiturate poisoning, since only the non-ionized barbiturate can be reabsorbed from alkaline urine. This will increase the proportion ...
Interestingly, we found catalases and receptors of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligands (TRAIL-R), known trigger of extrinsic apoptosis, upregulated in the iASPP KD strains, suggesting a broader and also p53-independent role of iASPP in controlling apoptosis induction and cellular homeostasis (Fig...
To date, no evidence has been provided that would support the secretion of ADI or its appearance as an extracellular enzyme. The abundant protein profile of the F > 50 kDa indicated the presence of intracellular proteins in the CFS. GO term analysis further confirmed that the majority of...
[11,23–29]. Identification of pathology-specific biomarker-patterns increases the specificity and predictive power of analytical approach. Combination of patterns at subcellular, intracellular and extracellular levels contributes to high sensitivity and specificity of the analysis. Mathematic modelling of ...
This was inhibited by the presence of catalase during plasma treatment but was not replicated by adding an equivalent concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Plasma-induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation was not dependent on the activity of myeloperoxidase or NADPH oxidase 2 but seemed to involve ...
cholerae strains where the chromosomal ctxAB gene was swapped with ntrctxB or ntrctxB-dimer. Bacterial cells hosted both NtrCTB and the NtrCTB-dimer, with 60% of the intracellular NtrCTB-dimer in a dissolved state. To ascertain whether these strains elicit an immune response to CTB, they ...
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a prevalent interstitial lung disease with high mortality. CD38 is a main enzyme for intracellular nicotinamide aden
The intracellular ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry. Seahorse metabolic flux analysis The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) tests were performed using a Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, ...