A large body of information has been gathered on the deformation and failure of underground openings, tunnels, and roadways by scholars in China and elsewhere using theoretical, numerical, and field-monitoring approaches. The zone of disturbance around an underground opening can be divided into a fa...
The micrograph showed the development of cementitious products of calcium silicates hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates, and calcium aluminosilicate hydrates covering the soil grains and filling up interaggregate openings. These compounds were accountable for strength gain. Similar results were reported by ...