wheren, μ,zanderepresent the number of charge carriers per unit volume, their mobility, their ionic valence and elementary charge, respectively. In the case of vacancy mechanism, the charge carriers are regarded as vacancy instead of mobile ions themselves andnmeans the number of vacant sites....
where ρ is resistivity, k is Boltzmann constant, T is absolute temperature, and Ea is activation energy required for hopping of an electron from one lattice site to another. In case of ferrites, the activation energy is often associated with the mobility of charge carriers rather than their ...
We first use the fast ionic conductors β-aluminas (M1+2xAl11O17+x, wherexis approximately 0.1, and the mobile ion M+ = Na+, K+, Ag+) as model systems. In β-aluminas, ion conduction occurs over two non-equivalent lattice sites (Fig.1a), and correlations persist over timescale...
during the CVD process, there are many possible reactions between metal and chalcogen precursors (Supplementary Fig.1). And the formation energy of most binary products is less than that of AMX2(Fig.1a)35. Even if the AMX2is more favorable thermodynamically, it is hard to...
The attractive forces between ions are isotropic—the same in all directions—meaning that any particular ion is equally attracted to all of the nearby ions of opposite charge. This results in the ions arranging themselves into a tightly bound, three-dimensional lattice structure. Sodium chloride, ...
Charge, potential, and phase stability of layered Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2 Reed J,Ceder G.Charge, potential, and phase stability of layered Li(Ni0. 5 Mn0. 5 )O2.Electrochemical and Solid State Letters. 2002... J Reed,G Ceder - Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 被引量: 188发表: 2002年...
61.72.JiBulkelectrostaticpotentialfieldplaysafundamen-talroleincrystals[1],foritspecifiesboththeelectro-negativity[1,2,3]andchargetransfer[4,5,6,7]andeventuallycontributestothecohesiveenergythere[8,9,10].Describedbylatticeseries[8,9,11,12],bulkpoten-tialscanneverthelessbedefinedasunique...
Ionic conductivity, like electronic conductivity, can be broken down into a product of three terms: the carrier charge (q), the concentration (number of particles per unit volume,n) and the mobility (theaverage velocityof a carrier due to anapplied electric fieldof unitstrength,b). Thus we ...
To confirm this point, we carefully investigated the energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) of the element edges and the change of the extracted charge ratios near the grain boundary regions in all the composites. Grain boundary studies by STEM-EELS. Figure 2 shows the compositional and charge...
charges, resulting in a reduction in the lattice energy and thereby the melting point or glass transition temperature. Ionic liquids have negligible vapor pressure, non-flammability, good room-temperature ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, and favorable chemical and thermal stability, which...