ci(element) = molarity/molality × species quantity You then place the ionic concentrations in the ionic strength formula like you normally would: I = 1/2 ×∑(ci× zi2) where: I - Ionic strength; ∑ - Sum of values; ci - Concentration of ions; and zi2 - Charges of ions squa...
mobility was then studies by Wiedmer and co-workers (Mikkola et al.2015). The more hydrophobic ILs were found to have a major effect on the surface charges and sizes distributions of the liposomes. In a follow-up work (Kontro et al.2016), they have looked at the effect of phosphonium-...
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In order to deeply perform the underlying mechanism of the remarkably sensitivity over a broad pressure regime, the meta-fabric with the three active layer structures were analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA), respectively (Fig.2d). In this course, the device with plane active layer represen...
To confirm this point, we carefully investigated the energy-loss near-edge structure (ELNES) of the element edges and the change of the extracted charge ratios near the grain boundary regions in all the composites. Grain boundary studies by STEM-EELS. Figure 2 shows the compositional and charge...
the reconfigurable photovoltaic response based on the coupling of ions migration and charge doping also can be observed in CuScS2. The achievement of generally synthesizing 2D AMX2compounds offers new insights into the vapor-phase synthesis of multielement 2D materials and provides an excellent material...
Formal charge (F): F = V - N - B where N = # of valence electrons in lone pairs (nonbonding electrons), V = # of valence electrons and B = # of bonds to other atoms. (sometimes this equation is written as B/2, with B being the number of electrons shared in bonds, and 2 ...
Organic electronics, in combination with custom polyelectrolytes, enables solidand hydrogel﹕tate circuit components using ionic charges in place of the electrons of traditional electronics. This growing field of iontronics leverages anionand cation〆xchange membranes as analogs to n‐type and p‐type ...
Some phases are sufficiently ionic that their possible composition range is dictated by the charge of the constituents occupying the crystallographic sites (sublattices). Such phases can only be reasonably modeled when ions are used within the CEF. The CEF can then be directly formulated from the ...
Maier, J. Space charge regions in solid two-phase systems and their conduction contribution. III. Defect chemistry and ionic-conductivity in thin-films. Solid State Ion. 23, 59–67 (1987). CAS Google Scholar Lacivita, V. et al. Resolving the amorphous structure of lithium phosphorus oxynit...