Undercover transactions in the government-invested projects which transfer value out of the projects have extremely bad effects.Similar to the term of tunneling in the corporation management,tunneling in the government investments is defined as transfer of value out of projects by both legal and illeg...
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as investment to obtain a lasting management interest (10% or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor (IMF, 1993). Several benefits of FDI have been identified in the literature. These include,...
Investment is properly defined as real (that is, inflation-adjusted) gross private domestic investment in fixed capital. It is expenditure incurred by companies and households that enhances the net capital stock of the economy, namely the productive capital and housing of labour, or replaces ...
Return on investment is a metric that investors often use to evaluate the profitability of an investment or to compare returns across a number of investments. It is expressed as a percentage. ROI is limited in that it doesn't take into account the time frame, opportunity costs, or the effec...
return. This return is compared to the cost of capital, ordiscount rate, to determine value-added potential. CFROI is defined as the average economic return on all of a company's investment projects in a given year. Thereturn on investment(ROI) is a measure of how well an investment ...
where, Nρt is defined as the total number of recommendations, which appear in the corresponding portfolio ρ on date t. Since the equal-weighted portfolio return calculation has met strong criticism for the possible bias (Dutta, 2015; Kothari et al. 2016), our study considers the value-weig...
In business, your investments are the resources you put into improving your company, like time and money. The return is the profit you make as a result of your investments. ROI is generally defined as the ratio of net profit over the total cost of the investment. ...
which is often cited by media and investors as FDI inflows into China, showed a sharp drop since mid-2022. Flows under this item averaged only $15 billion in the past one and a half years, compared to a $60 billion average in the 2010s. Its most recent reading even turned negative, ...
This phenomenon is defined as manufacturing financialization [12]. Theoretically, financialization brings both a reservoir effect and a crowding-out effect to the R&D investment of enterprises. On the one hand, the financialization of industrial capital is essentially a mode of short-term investment ...
For model fit of the six mutual investment funds, the best results were obtained for the SSA model when the window length L was set to be equal to the length of the time series divided by 20, or when the window length is defined as the length of the largest cycle in the time series...