If so, we can translate the height of an individual woman from inches to standardized Z values, as illustrated in Table 4.8. Table 4.8. Standardized Heights XZ=X−662.5 61.0 −2 63.5 −1 66.0 0 68.5 +1 71.0 +2 Instead of saying that a woman is 71 inches tall (which is useful ...
The proposed interval model updating method consists of two main steps: (a) establishment of an objective function to seek the nominal values of the updating parameters; (b) establishment of another objective function to obtain the interval radii of the updating parameters. Numerical case studies: ...
Toward that end, Sun has maintained an industry leadership position in many technology areas. Today, Sun continues this tradition with its unbridled support for interval arithmetic. While the benefits of interval arithmetic are clear, knowledge of its function and impact is lacking in much of the ...
The new solution concepts of interval-valued multiobjective optimization problems using ordering cone are proposed in this paper. An equivalence relation is introduced to divide the collection of all bounded closed intervals into the equivalence classes. The family of all equivalence classes is also cal...
KELM combines the ELM and the kernel function to eliminate the inherent randomness characteristics and to enhance the adaptability and stability of an ELM. Generally, the hidden nodes are more than the features of input data in the ELM, so the data transformation from the input layer to the ...
(1) Teaching the details of a subject. With regard to software, training provides instruction for each command and function in an application. Contrast with education. (2) In communications, the process by which two modems determine the correct protocols and transmission speeds to use. (3) In...
Developing effective strategies to earn excess returns in the stock market is a cutting-edge topic in the field of economics. At the same time, stock price forecasting that supports trading strategies is considered one of the most challenging tasks. Ther
We use essential cookies to make sure the site can function. We also use optional cookies for advertising, personalisation of content, usage analysis, and social media. By accepting optional cookies, you consent to the processing of your personal data - including transfers to third parties. Some...
For the convenience of expression, we first introduce some notations used in this paper, as shown in Table1. Then we formalize the relevant definitions and problems as follows: Definition 1 (Interaction record) Given user setU={u1,u2,…,u|U|}, item setV={v1,v2,…,v|V|}, an interacti...
and where the domains of interest arerepeatedly in the literaturetheandsitsrautsae.dAin1a0p0p(l1ic-atiαo)n%iscgoinvfiendebnycePˆiiEntBer±valzαfo/r2√Pimthsaeti,hwashaeprepePˆaiEreBd and msei are an empirical Bayes estimator of Pi and an associated second-order unbiased mean squared...