(non-pain) factors unrelated to depression, or item structure caused response difficulties due to wordings, reversion, or having 2 questions in 1.Discussion: Problematic items limit the construct validity of the PHQ-9, leaving an increased risk of inflated depression scores in high-impact chronic ...
It also explores the longitudinal mediating mechanism of catastrophizing interpretation, providing insights for internet-based interventions for health anxiety. In this randomized controlled trial, 228 participants with health anxiety (Short Health Anxiety Inventory [SHAI] scores ≥ 15) were randomly ...
Patient Health Questionnaire, Depression Module (PHQ‑9) To assess depression and suicidality, we administered the PHQ-9 (Gräfe et al. 2004; Kroenke and Spitzer 2002). Sum scores of this scale range between 0 and 27. Internal consist- ency was high in the present sample (α = ...