This paper examines the methods which international courts and tribunals (ICTs) employ when using ILC outputs for the purpose of determining rules of international law and their content. Specifically, it identifies common patterns in the ways in which ICTs, first, justify their reliance on ILC outp...
119. While the Appeals Chamber, for the reasons set out above, rejects the Pre-Trial Chamber’s finding that there is immunity under customary international law for Heads of State when their arrest is sought for international crimes by this Court, the Appeals Chamber notes that the Pre-Trial ...
I learned a lot about the Chairman’s personal background, his family, his personal and professional networks, in particular involving his previous political service in unsuccessful constitutional reform endeavors in Mwai Kibaki’s first term, his law practice and work for the UN on Somalia. I l...
In Tanzania, chiefship was formally abolished after independence; in Uganda and Ghana, it is officially recognized as having legal and political power. The Constitution of South Africa makes special provision for chiefs, formally outlining their legal and political roles in their communities (Section ...
Notes See, for example: Temple, Robert K.G: The Sirius Mystery: New scientific evidence of alien contact 5,000 years ago, (2nd ed), London, 1999 (1st ed. – 1976). Aurélien Tobie and Boukary Sangaré: The Impact of Armed Groups on the Populations of Central and Northern Mali: Necessa...
Notes [1]Without imparting any ethical connotations to the terminology, private military contractors is probably a more accurate term for these modern “mercenaries” in that it reflects the corporate basis of these formations rather than an image of the individual freebooters that once filled mercena...
between these states. The Schengen Convention was signed in 1990 for the concrete implementation of this agreement. Other European nations joined the agreement over the years. The Amsterdam Treaty of 1997 incorporated this agreement in the EU’s body of law (acquis communautaire). In 2001, EU ...
We use a database of trade relationships to link the consumption of deforestation-implicated commodities in developed countries to estimates of country-level malaria risk in developing countries. We estimate that about 20% of the malaria risk in deforestation hotspots is driven by the international ...
There is virtually no evidence on the role of taxpayer education to improve tax compliance. We address this gap by providing the first evaluation of a taxpayer education program on compliance behavior, as well as taxpayer knowledge and perceptions. Using a unique dataset of administrative and ...
Canada has set up the Trade Law Bureau, which is organized under both Global Affairs CanadaFootnote6and the Ministry of Justice. The Trade Law Bureau is composed of both policy people in charge of negotiations and lawyers in charge of defending against ISDS claims. The policy side and the leg...