60, 61 However, the results of PA4E1 are similar to findings from the ‘Intervention Centred on Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour’ (ICAPS) study, which found intervention effects on BMI z-score.62 Similar to PA4E1, ICAPS was a socio-ecologically framed, multi-component ...
reflects the time and energy invested by learners (Wang et al.,2016). The relationship between learning engagement and academic performance has been confirmed by numerous studies (Bai et al.,2021; Qureshi et al.,2021). The ICAP is a well-established framework for assessing...