Various versions of conditions on the lower boundary are considered in the case of the strip. The crack is maintained in the open state by distributed normal forces. The method of generalized integral transforms reduces solving the problem for the equations of equilibriumto solving a singular ...
of the core temperature of the living body that takes into consideration a non-thermal equilibrium state of the living body, and thermal resistance values of the thermal resistors, and an arithmetic circuit that estimates, based on the plurality of temperatures measured by the temperature sensors ...
The first option used in the default model assumes urine excretion is a function of equilibrium partitioning between the body and urine as is commonly used in 1-CoPBTK models used for environmental exposure estimation [33, 34, 41, 44]. A second option assumes the glomerular filtration rate ...
Cut free-body diagrams at each external load; use equations of equilibrium to compute the unknown internal forces and moments at those cut points. Problem solution 1. To find the internal shear force and bending moment at point A, first cut a free-body diagram there, as shown in Figure 1.2...
Multistable meta-materials feature a multitude of possible equilibrium configurations for a prescribed load. These meta-stable configurations differ in the state of each mechanical unit (building block), which leads to a highly inhomogeneous and non-affine deformation field for the whole body19. Hence...
The market operator settles the equilibrium price at the intersection of the demand and supply curves (see Fig. 6.2) and this price is uniform for all the matched units. This is called a marginal pricing market, where all technologies receive the same – equilibrium – price. The fact that ...
Results show that due to insufficient collisions, the flow around a sphere at 70/75 km altitudes has a high degree of nonequilibrium in the vibrational mode where the ground level is separated from the higher levels. The continuum‐level calculation results are different from the work of ...
Internal tracking of the output state. More... Protected Member Functions inherited from fileWriter Protected Attributes inherited from internalMeshWriter Protected Attributes inherited from fileWriter Static Protected Attributes inherited from fileWriterDetailed...
This is not an equilibrium state and processes will occur that tend to equalize the velocities of flow. Such processes are called internal friction or viscosity. Just as there is a heat flux from the hotter to the colder parts of a medium in thermal conduction, so in internal friction, the...
System-internal actions (SIA): resulting from a change in operational states of some of its constituent components that impact the reliability of the system and processes that are taking place within a system, like a change from passive to active state for certain components and modules. ...