Choi, B., S.-Y. Ha, J.-S. Lee, Y. Chikaraishi, N. Ohkouchi, and K.-H. Shin. 2017. Trophic interaction among organisms in a seagrass meadow ecosystem as revealed by bulk δ13C and amino acid δ15N analyses. Limnol. Oceanogr. 62: 1426-1435. doi:10.1002/lno.10508...
The conflict with small organisms such as bacteria tends to be among populations, whereas competition may be between the thalli of individuals in larger organisms such as fungi. A complex terminology has developed to describe and categorize the many possible interactions. As early as 1879, Anton ...
Describe the difference between the path of energy and chemicals in an ecosystem. Describe a symbiotic relationship found in nature. Give the names of the organisms involved and explain what each symbiotic gives to the other or what the role of each organism is in th...
Finally, ecosystem engineering complicates the internal-external divide by exploring how organisms modify their physical environments (Chapter 5). Two key historical episodes provide an introduction to many of the conceptual distinctions of the later chapters: the rise of the idea of organism-...
Interactome: A molecular interaction network that represents all genes and/or proteins of an organism and their physical interactions. In a seminal paper published in the year 2000, Schwikowskib et al. (2000) and Uetz et al. (2000) analyzed the yeast interactome which then comprised of ~2500...
The intestine mucosal immune system consists of three different mucosal lymphoid structures: Peyer’s patches, the lamina propria and the epithelia [6]. The mucus layer on the surface of epithelial cells is the first line of defense in the organism’s physiological barrier. In the small ...
and they are not directly required for the organism’s basic growth and development [9]. Although the precise roles of secondary metabolites in plant metabolism and physiology are not fully known, it is thought that they participate in a variety of interactions between plants and their environment...
Evolution of microbial traits depends on the interaction of a species with its environment as well as with other coinhabiting species. However, our understanding of the evolution of specific microbial traits, such as antibiotic resistance in complex envi
the evolutionary dynamics of an organism, even though in reality many interdependencies between thousands of loci (epistasis, dominance, etc.) occur as the basis of the production and functioning of a phenotypic trait. Among forces acting on populations and modelled by population geneticists, natural...
As an important pollinator, the bumblebee plays a vital role in agricultural production and the maintenance of ecosystem diversity. Previous research has focused on the effects of a single pesticide on pollinating insects; however, the synergistic effects of multiple agents on bumblebees have been ...