An integral which is not having any upper and lower limit is known as an indefinite integral. Mathematically, if F(x) is any anti-derivative of f(x) then the most general antiderivative of f(x) is called an indefinite integral and denoted, ...
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a triangle integral and conformal differential equations as a test case for this work, we study a particular class of feynman integrals: the one-loop “triangle” feynman integrals, $$\begin{aligned} j^{\text {triangle}}_{d;\nu _1,\nu _2,\nu _3} \,=\, \int _{\mathbb {r}^d}...
While this is an extremely large class of theories a lot of which are well-studied and lead to interesting phenomena in physics and mathematics, there also exists a large number of local field theories of interest that do not have known Lagrangians, and hence cannot be defined using the ...
dsand thepathintegralonthereducedmanifolddefinedbytheCoulomb gaugeisobtained. 1Introduction Thegaugefieldtheoriesbelongtoaclassofinfinitedimensionaldynami- calsystemswithasymmetry.Oneofthemainproblemintheoreticaland mathematicalphysicsisthequantizationofsuchdynamicalsystems.Acru- cialquestionisofhowtheextra...
I finally feel like I can actually take my Calculus class without failing! Mia10-10-24 - FL, United States Great! Videos are very easy to understand as everything is explained in depth. And if you have any extra questions they get back to you on the same day which is really ...