Glucagon is a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, which is secreted from pancreatic α cells: excessively high circulating levels of glucagon lead to excessive hepatic glucose output. We investigated if α-cell numbers increase in T2DM and what factor (s) regulate α-cell turnover. Leprdb/Leprdb (...
[translate] aGreece 希腊[translate] aTwo pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, regulate blood glucose levels, preventing extremely high or low levels. 二胰脏激素,胰岛素和胰高血糖素,调控血糖水平,防止极端高或低水平。[translate]
Glucagon is a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, which is secreted from pancreatic α cells: excessively high circulating levels of glucagon lead to excessive hepatic glucose output. We investigated if α-cell numbers increase in T2DM and what factor (s) regulate α-cell turnover. Leprdb/Leprdb (...
In healthy humans, insulin and glucagon regulate hepatic glucose production (HGP) to maintain euglycemia during fasting. In contrast, hepatic insulin resistance, along with hyperglucagonemia2, increase fasting HGP in patients with T2D, thereby contributing to hyperglycemia3. Insulin signaling is also ...
While adrenaline inhibited GSIS, adrenaline together with palmitate stimulated glucagon secretion 2-fold at low glucose, an effect suppressed by high glucose. Transcriptome analysis revealed that, unlike islets, pseudoislets were deprived of exocrine and endothelial cells. In conclusion, pseudoislet ...
Insulin acts on most tissues to speed the uptake of glucose. In the cells the glucose is burned for energy, stored as glycogen, or transformed to and stored as fat. The human pancreas probably produces 1–2 mg of the hormone per day. This is sufficient to regulate the metabolism of more...
The hierarchical role of the central pacemaker was demonstrated by the finding that circadian rhythms of blood glucose, insulin and glucagon, as well as glucose tolerance, are all abolished by SCN lesion [14]. An equally important role for peripheral oscillators has been demonstrated by tissue-...
15,16,43 However, the roles of AMPK, c-Myc, DNA methylation, and DNA demethylation in the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancers associated with T2DM remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that c-Myc and AMPK regulate SREBP1/ACC1 expression through TDG-mediated DNA demethylation. ...
The enteroendocrine cell (EEC)-derived incretins play a pivotal role in regulating the secretion of glucagon and insulins in mammals. Although glucagon-like and insulin-like hormones have been found across animal phyla, incretin-like EEC-derived hormones have not yet been characterised in invertebrat...
insulin accelerates glucose uptake in various tissues and promotes lipid synthesis in the liver while simultaneously inhibiting lipolysis, proteolysis, glycogenolysis, ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis. The latter function is particularly important for insulin’s well-known ability to lower and regulate blood ...