The fill factor is written as: (6.10)FF=VmpImpVocIsc In real cells, the maximum power is limited by the presence of electrical resistances associated with the cell design and the materials making up the cell. A notable difference, thus, exists between the quantum efficiency of the semiconducto...
The electrical conductivity of polyaniline may be increased by a factor of ∼1010 by decreasing the pH from about 4 to about 0, reaching a maximum electrical conductivity of ∼500 Ω−1m−1 (Chiang and MacDiarmid, 1986). Such materials with these dynamic properties may contribute to ...
‘One of the quickest and cheapest ways to improve the performance of your home is to minimise draughts,’ agrees William Bown, managing director ofSuperFOIL Insulation. ‘Not only can a lot of heat escape this way but the draught itself adds a chill factor that makes your home feel colder...
Foam boards: These are similar to blanket roll insulation in that it’s a fairly easy DIY job and it’s an affordable type of insulation. However, unlike blanket roll insulation, which is flexible in nature, foam boards are rigid, a factor that can make them challenging when it comes to ...
To understand the problem of the cost of insulation, or more correctly, the extra cost of insulation generally necessary to improve the volumetric thermal loss factor G, there are different approaches. The first, called the overall method, takes the whole of the building into consideration. The ...
another important factor since wind carries pollutants to the insulators (mainly salt from the sea). However, it is very complicated to assess the impact of wind on pollution deposition and on the flashover process since it has both pollution depositing and cleansing effects....
When I say fill more than you think go big because the settlement factor over that first 6 months to a year is big! I lost about 4 inches to settlement and wish I had installed more. I would recommend a minimum of 10″ of loose fill for an attic floor, which should give you about...
As drilling and grouting costs can currently run about $15 (USA$) per foot of depth, or more, this is an extremely important and critical factor in decisions regarding financial cost and payback implications. However, extensive testing has also demonstrated that while the well depth may be ...
Although the high cost of acoustic metamaterials is a limiting factor this is expected to reduce as further cost effective and mass market architectures are conceived. In addition, the area where acoustic metamaterials are expected to make the largest contribution is in the improvement of ventilated ...
We assumed that the roof under the PV arrays has no effective view factor with limited r solar exposure or long-wave heat transfer. The terra cotta roof tiles solar absorptance was set to 75%, with a 94% far-infrared emittance in single-family and multi-family prototypes. The apartment ...