Considering this feature, the HSN should be sparse because the long connections among hubs will be eliminated. 4. Formulation 4.1. Baseline Hub-and-Spoke Optimization Model The parameters and decision variables are defined in the baseline HSN optimization model. 𝑆S is a set of spokes, 𝑆={...
Considering this feature, the HSN should be sparse because the long connections among hubs will be eliminated. 4. Formulation 4.1. Baseline Hub-and-Spoke Optimization Model The parameters and decision variables are defined in the baseline HSN optimization model. 𝑆S is a set of spokes, 𝑆={...