Enzymesare naturally-produced proteins that act as biological catalysts, meaning that they help speed up chemical reactions in organisms' bodies. This process is achieved by the binding of enzymes tosubstrates, the complex molecules that enter cells and upon which enzymes act. Each enzyme type has...
Interpreting the ecological meaning of performance during reinforcement learning is challenging. A reduction in sensitivity to loss outcomes may be adaptive or detrimental depending on real-world context. Despite reduced optimal choices for loss trials in the SSRA group, there was no difference in total...
2D. In the low dapagliflozin group there was a modest increase in β-hydroxybutyrate with an evidence ratio of 22, meaning that it is 22 times more likely that ketone levels are elevated compared to the vehicle group than not. The increase in ketones was clearly dose dependent since the ...
respectively. We examined how acute novelty stress influences behaviors in EPM and OFT (Supplementary Fig.1a). 2-h novelty stress significantly decreased time mice spent on the open arm of the EPM (Fig.1e, f),
Nearly half of all pregnancies are unintended; thus, existing family planning options are inadequate. For men, the only choices are condoms and vasectomy, and most current efforts to develop new contraceptives for men impact sperm development, meaning that contraception requires months of continuous pr...
Although it seems obvious that the two events are correlated, open questions remain on how they crosstalk, the biochemical pathways controlling their interaction, and the physiological meaning. We will suggest some ideas. Some cells degrade up to 30% of nascent polypeptides by the proteasome within...
Charles A.Day, ...Edward H.Hinchcliffe, inMethods in Cell Biology, 2020 Abstract The study of mitosis has always relied on bulk-preparationbiochemistrytechniques (Mazia & Dan, 1952), but very early on lent itself to living, single cell microscopic techniques (Inoue, 1953;Taylor, 1959). Here...
intestinalis larvae which were attached to the biofilm surface by the anterior, and those larvae entrapped by the biofilm but not settled in the conventional meaning of the term. As reported in previous studies, we did observe that such entrapped larvae could subsequently attach and develop ...
Yet gallic acid on its own or propyl gallate did not inhibit DisA (Fig. 2a), meaning that it is not just the presence of gallate moiety per se that caused DisA inhibition but rather the proper spatial presentation of the gallate group that was critical for enzymatic inhibi- tion. It ...
Indeed, diversity in the abundance of pSTAT5 originating from physico-chemical mechanisms is expected to exhibit Poisson statistics, meaning that the CVpSTAT5 should behave as the inverse square root of the mean33,34. Therefore, in contrast to our observations, if the origin of the noise were...